Wow, I just love http://www.childcareland.com/ ideas! Here are just a few I've borrowed and use with my daughter...

• Playdough Math Skills: (See picture below).

• Letter and number feely bag:You will need something to use as a "feely" bag (it should be something the children can not see through) and magnetic letters and numbers. Basically children put their hand in the bag and try to guess what it is from feeling.


• Finger painting bags: You will need sandwhich size zip lock bags (the kind that you snap together ... not the zipper kind) and finger paint. Open zip lock bags and put between 1/2 to 1/3 cup of finger paint in each bag. Lay bag flat and smooth finger paint flat in bag (this pushes the air out).... making sure not to get too close to the opening of the bag. Close zip lock bag making sure that it is close all the way across the top. Children use their finger to draw and write on the top of the bag. They can erase what they made by smoothing out the fingerpaint in the bag. Be sure to tell the children that the bags are not to be opened otherwise the finger paint will come out of the bag.
• Shaving creme writing: I put a mound of shaving cream on each tray and let the children smooth the shaving cream all over the cookie sheet. They love the feeling of the shaving cream (be sure to tell the children not to touch their face or put mouth with their hands once they have shaving cream on them) and I let them free play with it for a while. Later the children each took turns calling out a letter ... number ... shape .... word ... that they wanted everyone to write in the shaving cream.
• Discovery Bottles: 1) Ocean: To make the ocean bottle I filled the bottle with half water and half baby oil. I then added 5 drops of blue food coloring. The water and oil stay separate in the bottle giving the liquid an ocean wave effect when the bottle is tipped sided to side. 2)To make the slow motion confetti bottle I filled the one fourth of the bottle with confetti and filled the rest of the bottle with clear corn syrup. The confetti pieces move very slowly through the bottle. FOR ALL DISCOVERY BOTTLES SEAL WITH HOT GLUE GUN.
• Music Instruments: 1)Rhythm sticks-I purchased wood dowels from Wal-Mart for 94 cents each (you can get them in craft stores as well). The dowels are three feet in length and come in various circumferences .... I recommend the 1/2 inch size. I cut the dowels to 13 inches in length and sanded the ends so that they were smooth and then painted the dowels with various colors of acrylic paint. 2)I purchased Hefty Serve 'n' Store Interlocking Large Plates (they are not paper but rather a plastic type material). A package of 16 plates cost around 2.36 at Wal-Mart. You will also need jingle bells (found in the craft section). I put six jingle bells in one of the plates and then put glue around the edge of the plate. I took another plate and turned it upside down and pressed it onto the other plate. The plates themselves fit together really nice. I let the glue dry and then carefully punched wholes around the edge of the plate and tied ribbons on to the plate. I also painted the plate top and bottom with acrylic paint.3)You will need empty pringles cans that have been wiped out with paper towels. You will also need rice and dried beans (I used a 12 bean soup mix bag that has different sizes of beans in it). I poured a little of the bean mix in the pringles can and then added a little rice. I replaced the cover of the can and held on to both ends while turning the can up an down and added more rice until the can made the sound that I wanted. I then cut a piece of tin foil a little bit larger than the opening of the can and glued it over the can opening and then glued the can cover over the tin foil. I covered the can in construction paper and decorated it.
• Play dough counting cards and play dough alphabet cards. On the counting cards the children put the number of balls the number card represents. On alphabet cards, the children use play dough to make the letter on the card.
• Alphabet folders: You'll need 26 folders and inside each one glue pictures of items that begin with the letter of that particular folder. For example to the letter Aa folder you would glue pictures of things that begin with the letter A.
• Matching Sticks are very easy and inexpensive to make and they can be used for many developing skills. You will need craft sticks (these can be found in any crafts store) ... white paint ... and markers. The first step is to paint the craft sticks white and let them dry ... then use a marker to write on the skills you are working on.
  We use these for letters... colors ... shapes ... numbers ... sight words ... addition ... name recognition etc. Children are given the sticks to match and they can sit on the floor or at the table and match the sticks together. You can also but velcro on the back and use on a felt board or magnets and use on a magnet board.
• Pom Pom counting book: You will need to buy pom poms and velcro self-adhesive dots. You can download the pom pom counting book template here. Print the book pages on cardstock paper and laminate. Bind the book together. Put velcro dots on the circles of each page and on pom poms. Children put the correct number of pom poms on each page. We do one page a time and then remove the pom poms before going on to a new page.
• Pom Pom Alphabet Book: The Pom Pom Alphabet Book is made the same way as the pom pom counting book pictured above.You can download the Pom Pom Alphabet Book template here. Print the book pages on cardstock paper and laminate. Bind the book together. Put velcro dots on the circles of each page and on pom poms. Children put a pom pom on the blank circles of the letter. This activity is great for fine motor skill development as well as letter identification. We do one page a time and then remove the pom poms before going on to a new page.
• Make your own lacing beads: You can make your own lacing beads using a super easy clay recipe. You will need:
  1 cup of salt1 cup of corn starch1 1/2 cups of flour1 cup of water (added in small increments)
  You will also need:
  plastic straws wax papercookie sheetstempera paintpaint brushes
  You will start by putting the salt ... flour .... and cornstarch in a bowl. Add small amounts of water to the mixture until you are able to knead the dough into a ball. You need to be careful with the amount of water you put in ... too much will make it to sticky and too little will make it dry and crack. It is important that you advise children that this is not a dough for eating.
  After you have the dough in the right consistency break off small pieces and roll into balls. Place the dough balls on a cookie sheet that has been lined with wax paper. Push a straw into the center of each dough ball making sure the straw goes through to the other side. Let dry (the time it will take to dry the beads depends on the size of the beads ... usually 48-72 hours). You will need to flip the bead over periodically so both the top and the bottom of the beads get exposed to air.
  Once the beads are dry you can paint them with tempera paint. Paint one side at a time and let dry. You can string the beads with laces ... or use them for sorting and making patterns. Use your imagination and have fun!!
  
• Sensory Tub: If you are not lucky enough to have a large sensory tub (sand and water table) in you early learning environment you can make your own individual sensory tubs using dish pans. Children develop fine motor skills ... muscle control ... as well as social and cognitive skills. Some things you can include in a sensory tub include:
  SandWaterNoodlesRiceShaving CreamCotton BallsFeathersToy CarsSmall Toy AnimalsYou will also need things that can be used for measuring ... pouring ... and digging. The possibilities are really endless!!
• Pipe cleaner bead lacing: Simply lace beads onto a pipe cleaner.
• Cereal box puzzles: for the younger children I cut them in to 4-8 even sized pieces. I then stored the puzzle pieces in zip lock bags.
• She has so many wonderful free downloads. She has different ones for every holiday and season. Look under free printables.
• Winter sensory table: Instant Potato Flakes ,Cotton Balls. Shaving Cream With Glitter ,Snow.Cars and trucks can be added to drive around in the “snow”.
  Packing peanuts are great for a January sensory table. It's pretend
  snow.We get a piece of the foam insulation cut to fit the top of your
  sensory table (I cut mine to fit snugly in the top so it rests inside the table
  but only on the top) and cut two holes in it about 5 or 6 inches round then
  cover all the foam with foil put magnetic fish in the table place the foam ice
  on top and magnetic poles and let them ice fish.
• She even has flash learning!!!!

Anyway this is a wonderful site you can get lost in for hours!

Originally, this idea came from the Blog "The Sunny Patch". It is an activity I keep adding to and just love! The idea is to come up with an activity and put all the pieces necessary in its own ziploc bag. Here are some ideas from the Sunny Patch blog:
1. Pattern Beads –a. Materials needed: pipe cleaners, pony beads in assorted colors, hot glue gunb. Put together the bag: Put beads on a pipe cleaner, following a specific pattern (ex: red, blue, green, red, blue green) and glue the beads on each end to keep them in place. Provide the child with another pipe cleaner and enough beads to complete the same pattern.c. Objective: Show the child how to follow a pattern.d. Another option: Don’t glue on the beads, just let the child string the beads as he wants.
2. Yarn art –a. Materials needed: different lengths of yarn in assorted colors, a large piece of sandpaper (attached to a piece of cardboard for more stability)b. Put together the bag: Put all the supplies in a bag.c. Objective: Show the child how to make pictures and patterns on the sandpaper with the yarn.
3. Silly faces –a. Materials needed: assorted colors of felt, yarn, googly eyes, Velcro dotsb. Put together the bag: Make a few head shapes from felt. From the other colors make eyes, ears, noses, mouths, hair, moustaches, etc. Use the yarn to make more hair. Attach Velcro dots to the backs of the googly eyes.c. Objective: Let the child make silly faces from the materials provided.
4. Counting cups –a. Materials needed: small objects to count (pennies, beans, pom poms), permanent marker, small clear plastic cupsb. Put together the bag: On each plastic cup make a series of dots (on one cup put one dot, on another put two, on another put three, etc.). Provide as many objects to count as necessary to fill all the cups.c. Objective: Show the child how to put the objects in the cups according to how many dots are on the cup. 
5. Pasta sort –a. Materials needed: small pasta (elbows or bow ties), food coloring, rubbing alcohol, small clear plastic cupsb. Put together the bag: For each color of pasta – put ½ cup rubbing alcohol in a small container. Add food coloring and stir. Put in some pasta and mix. When the pasta has absorbed as much color as you want it to, pull it out with a slotted spoon and let it dry.c. Objective: Have the child separate the pasta by color.d. Another option: Buy colored paper clips and have your child sort those.
6. Sewing –a. Materials needed: small squares or rectangles of plastic canvas, shoe lacesb. Put together the bag: Put the items in a bag for storage.c. Objective: Show child how to thread the lace through the holes in the plastic canvas.
7. Shape matching –a. Materials needed: small shapes cut from sheets of foam, index cards, markerb. Put together the bag: Trace each shape onto an index card and put the shapes and cards in a bag.c. Objective: Show the child how to match the shape to its outline.d. Another option: If you find foam letters or numbers, this works with them as well.
8. Stained-Glass art –a. Materials needed: glue stick, small rectangles of waxed paper (as small as index card size or as large as a half-sheet of paper ), small squares of tissue paper (1”x1”) in various colors.b. Put together the bag: Put all the supplies in a bag.c. Objective: Show the child how to use the glue stick to glue the pieces of tissue paper. When he has completed one, tape it to a sunny window.
9. Coloring –a. Materials needed: coloring book and crayonsb. Put together the bag: Put all supplies in a bag.c. Objective: Coloring!
10. Play-dough letters and numbers –a. Materials needed: index cards, clear contact paper, marker, container of play doughb. Put together the bag: Write a letter of the alphabet or a number on each index card. Cover each index card with clear contact paper. Put these cards, along with the play dough in a bag.c. Objective: Show the child how to roll out “snakes” with the play dough. Use these to make the letter or number shapes on the cards.
11. Magnet lettersa. Materials needed: small cookie sheet (the kind that goes in a toaster oven), magnet letters and numbersb. Put together the bag: Put the letters on the cookie sheet and then in a bag.c. Objective: Let the child make words, practice his letter sounds, etc.
12. Chalkboarda. Materials needed: small chalkboard, chalk, eraserb. Put together the bag: Put all supplies in a bag.c. Objective: Let the child write on the chalkboard.
13. Books on tapea. Materials needed: cassette tape, favourite book, recordable cassette playerb. Put together the bag: record your voice reading the book onto the cassette.c. Objective: Let the child listen to you reading his favourite book
14. Boredom baga. Materials needed: index cards, penb. Put together the bag: write out chores, things for child to do on the index cards (some ideas: dust the furniture; help make lunch; sweep the floor)c. Objective: The child gets to pick something out of the bag when he complains that he is bored.
15. Rice bowla. Materials needed: measuring cups or spoons, rice, small bowlsb. Put together the bag: put the rice in a small Ziploc bag put all the materials in one bag.c. Objective: Show the child how to pour and measure.
16. Number matcha. Materials needed: small stickers, index cards, penb. Put together the bag: on one set of index cards write the numbers 1 through 10 on individual cards. On the other set put stickers to correspond with each numbered card.c. Objective: Have the child match the number card to the with the appropriate sticker card.
17. Tick Tock Clocka. Materials needed: paper plate, paper fastener, construction paper, index cards, marker, scissorsb. Put together the bag: Make a clock – write the numbers on the paper plate for the clock face. Make a minute hand and an hour hand from construction paper and fasten to the paper plate with the paper fastener. On the index cards draw clocks with different times and write the time underneath each clock.c. Objective: Show the child how to match the paper plate clock to the times on the index cards.
18. Counting. Label 10 index cards with numerals 1-10 . On the back of each card stick on the appropriate number of stickers, i.e., 6 stickers on back of the card labeled "6." Have the child 1) place a card numeral side up, 2) count out the correct number of counters, 3) turn the card over and match up counters & stickers in one-to-one correspondence. This is a self checking activity. If the stickers and counters don't match up something is wrong. He can repeat with additional cards until bored, or have a "rule" like "choose and do 4 cards then stop."
19. Cutting. Provide ½ sheets of paper onto which you have drawn simple wavy lines with a wide black marker. I used to put stickers at the ends of the lines (birds, butterflies, bugs, cars, space ships - something interesting to "go for." Draw 2 or 3 lines on each ½ sheet - the lines should be roughly parallel, not intersecting. Provide scissors and say "Can you cut along the line to all the way to the bird (or whatever.) Graduate to simple closed shapes instead of lines.

Another variation of this is to use shoeboxes:
Lace up box: Shapes cut from old bleach bottles and cardboard, with holes cut around them with a hole punch; colored laces, big wooden beads, spools, stringing foam shapes I found at a garage sale.
Doll box: a small doll with clothes, a bottle, pacifiers, bibs, a baby spoon, a baby dish, etc. (a lot of it recycled from her own baby stuff).
Magnet box: several magnets, paper clips, coins, a piece of iron ore, screws, etc.
Art box: construction paper, scissors, gluestick, dot painters, rubber stamps, washable inkpad.
Math box: homemade fishing game with numbers on it with fishing pole, cuisinaire rods (left over from sons), pattern blocks.
Button box: variety of old buttons to sort.

Or totes:

no spill bubbles
a clothesline to tie on 2 chairs and an assortment of "clothes" and clothespins
crayons and sandpaper ( a friend told me that little ones like the texture to color on)
white rice in the tote and different scoops. (can be vacuumed up)
stickers and paper plates
bingo dotter and paper
paintbrush and water (to be "painted" on cardboard)
wastebasket and sock balls
sticky masking tape balls to throw at the wall, fridge, etc. Watch them stick!
treasure hunt in the cotton balls (lots of goodies can hide in a tub of cotton balls)
a box and assorted canned goods (my toddlers love to move things into and out of boxes)
bean bags and pie pans

some different colors of yarn in different lengths are great with the sandpaper too. They will stick to it and make different designs
all those free stickers, address labels, etc. that come in the mail - he can just stick to his heart’s content
a magnet set and a metal cake pan with a sliding lid
an empty shoe box with a cord tied through a hole poked in one end, he likes to use it as his wagon and pull a stuffed animal all around the house.
an egg carton turned upside down with holes cut in the bottoms of the egg spaces, and 12 wooden clothespins. They can stick these in and out of the holes.
an empty paper towel tube and a toy car or small rubber ball to roll through it, if they know not to put it in their mouth.
some small containers with different types of lids to take on and off
a piece of wood covered with velcro. Put velcro on the bottoms of several small toys and they can stick these on and off.
send him on hunts through the house to find something that is a square, or something blue. This takes a little more help from me.
tongs, two bowls, and anything you can pick up with tongs
two cheap bowls, a ladle, and rice/beans
ice cube tray or divided party tray from the dollar store, and an assortment of dried beans or some plastic jewels to sort Kelly says:
a cloth measuring tape to measure with (the metal ones have sharp edges)
a large box (yep, that's all!)
give them watercolor markers, put on old shorts, and let them body-paint... bubble bath follow-up required! (No lip or eye decorating!)

This activity comes from montessorimom.com; Basicaly you Put the board and cards in a container. Take out one board and the matching cards. Take one card and place it above the object that is the same size on the strip board. Do the lesson slowly and deliberately. A more difficult way to do this is to match the tiles directly onto the strip board. Lastly, your child can sort and grade just the cards in order from either largest to smallest or smallest to largest.
Introduce concepts such as next smallest or next largest. For example, ask, "Which is the next smallest?" until you reach the smallest object
Size Board 1
Size Cards 1
Size Boards 2
Size Cards 2
There are also some great matching activities at http://www.abcteach.com/directory/basics/matching_activities/;

This is an activity that can easily be done with a 2 year old and we do some kind of different matching activity everyday. The first one I ever did was to simply cut out a large foam circle, square, and triangle. Then I cut out little shapes. My daughter would simply place the little shapes on the larger shapes.

We also have many artist cards that she matches. I plan to take a picture of these soon.

At Walmart they had these foam stickers of different sport balls. She often sorts them into the different piles. I like them because the volleyball and baseball look similiar so she really has to look.

Sorting and matching are really fun activities.